Eating

GLP-1 Drug Pipeline 2026–2027: What's Approved, Under FDA Review and in Phase 3

Jeff Zorn · · 22 min read

Share

By Jeff Zorn, founder of Zornava. Former college basketball player, degree in exercise science and nutrition, two years on GLP-1 medications. My experience, not medical advice. Talk to your prescriber or a registered dietitian about your own situation.

Published · Last reviewed

Short answer: Two new GLP-1 obesity options reached the US market in 2026: the 7.2 mg Wegovy HD injection, approved by the FDA on March 19, and the Foundayo (orforglipron) pill, approved on April 1.[1][2] One more, CagriSema, has been under FDA review since December 18, 2025.[3] Retatrutide is the next planned filing, in the first quarter of 2027.[4] At least a dozen others are in phase 3, and none of them is approved in the US as of November 13, 2026.

This page is a dated map of the GLP-1 pipeline: every medicine that matters for obesity in the US, what stage it is at, and what its trials found, with a source for each line. It is built to be checked, and the full table is available as a download at the end. If you are on one of these medicines now, the everyday question is still eating enough on a small appetite, which is the subject of our guide to what to eat when you're eating less. For the medicines you can already be prescribed, see our list of GLP-1 medications.

General information, not medical advice. Nothing on this page is a reason to start, stop or switch a medication. Unapproved drugs can only be taken legally inside a clinical trial or an approved access program. Talk to your prescriber about your own treatment.

The GLP-1 pipeline at a glance (November 13, 2026)

Stages are as of November 13, 2026. "Topline" means a company announcement that no journal has reviewed yet; "peer-reviewed" means a published paper. Body weight figures are the average change on the highest dose tested against placebo, in the trial named, and they come from different trials, so they are not a ranking.

Medicine (code; brand) Maker How it works Form Stage, November 13, 2026 Headline result Evidence
Semaglutide injection (Wegovy; Wegovy HD 7.2 mg) Novo Nordisk GLP-1 Weekly injection Approved: Wegovy June 4, 2021; 7.2 mg dose March 19, 2026[1] STEP UP: −18.8% on 7.2 mg vs −3.9% on placebo, 72 weeks[5] FDA label
Oral semaglutide 25 mg (Wegovy pill) Novo Nordisk GLP-1 Daily pill, empty stomach Approved December 22, 2025;[1] a MASH application is under FDA review, decision expected Q1 2027[6] OASIS 4: −13.6% vs −2.2%, 64 weeks[7] Peer-reviewed
Oral semaglutide 50 mg Novo Nordisk GLP-1 Daily pill Phase 3 completed; not filed (Novo filed the 25 mg dose instead) OASIS 1: −15.1% vs −2.4%, 68 weeks[8] Peer-reviewed
Tirzepatide (Zepbound; Mounjaro for diabetes) Eli Lilly GIP and GLP-1 Weekly injection Approved: Zepbound November 8, 2023; in 2026, the Zepbound KwikPen (January 20) and a Mounjaro heart-risk indication (August 27)[9][10] SURMOUNT-1: −20.9% vs −3.1%, 72 weeks[11] Peer-reviewed
Orforglipron (Foundayo) Eli Lilly GLP-1, small molecule Daily pill, with or without food Approved April 1, 2026;[2] type 2 diabetes application under FDA review, no decision date public[12] ATTAIN-1: −11.2% vs −2.1%, 72 weeks[13] Peer-reviewed
CagriSema (cagrilintide + semaglutide) Novo Nordisk Amylin + GLP-1 Weekly injection Under FDA review, submitted December 18, 2025;[3] Novo listed a US decision as a Q4 2026 milestone[6] REDEFINE 1: −20.4% vs −3.0%, 68 weeks[14] Peer-reviewed
Retatrutide (LY3437943) Eli Lilly GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon Weekly injection Phase 3 results in; FDA submission planned for Q1 2027[4] TRIUMPH-1: −25.0% vs −3.9%, 80 weeks[15] Peer-reviewed
Survodutide (BI 456906) Boehringer Ingelheim (from Zealand Pharma) Glucagon and GLP-1 Weekly injection Phase 3 obesity trials reported; company preparing submissions, no filing announced[16] SYNCHRONIZE-1: −13.0% vs −5.4%, 76 weeks[17] Peer-reviewed
Maridebart cafraglutide (AMG 133; "MariTide") Amgen GLP-1 activation + GIP receptor blocking, antibody-based Monthly injection Phase 3 (MARITIME); first trials' estimated primary completion January 2027[18] Phase 2: −12.3% to −16.2% vs −2.5%, 52 weeks[19] Peer-reviewed
Cagrilintide alone Novo Nordisk Amylin Weekly injection Phase 3 (RENEW), started November 5, 2025[20] REDEFINE 1 cagrilintide-only arm: −11.5% vs −3.0%, 68 weeks[21] Topline
Amycretin (zenagamtide; NNC0487-0111) Novo Nordisk GLP-1 and amylin in one molecule Weekly injection; daily pill also in trials Phase 3 (AMAZE), started February 24, 2026; pill trial AMAZE 9 started September 2026[22][23] Phase 1b/2a: −24.3% on 60 mg vs −1.1%, 36 weeks, small study[24] Peer-reviewed
Eloralintide (LY3841136) Eli Lilly Amylin Weekly injection Phase 3 (ENLIGHTEN); main obesity trial started February 6, 2026[25] Phase 2: −20% on 9 mg vs −0.4%, 48 weeks (efficacy estimand)[26] Peer-reviewed
Petrelintide Zealand Pharma with Roche Amylin Weekly injection Phase 3 (ZUPREME-3 to -5), started September 30, 2026[27][28] ZUPREME-1: −9.4% on 9 mg vs −1.7%, 28 weeks (efficacy estimand)[29] Peer-reviewed
Mazdutide (IBI362 / LY3305677) Innovent (China); Eli Lilly (elsewhere) Glucagon and GLP-1 Weekly injection Approved in China June 27, 2025;[30] in the US, phase 2 only[31] GLORY-1 (China): −14.0% on 6 mg vs +0.3%, 48 weeks[32] Peer-reviewed
Ecnoglutide (XW003) Sciwind Biosciences GLP-1 Weekly injection Approved in China for weight management, announced March 6, 2026;[33] no US trial of the injection on ClinicalTrials.gov SLIMMER (China): −13.2% on 2.4 mg vs +0.1%, 40 weeks[34] Peer-reviewed
Efinopegdutide (MK-6024) Merck (from Hanmi) GLP-1 and glucagon Weekly injection Phase 2b in MASH, a fatty liver disease; no phase 3 announced[35] MASH resolved in 56% to 63% vs 13% on placebo, 52 weeks[36] Peer-reviewed
Pemvidutide (ALT-801) Altimmune GLP-1 and glucagon Weekly injection Phase 3 in MASH (PERFORMA), started July 2026[37] IMPACT: MASH resolved in 59.1% vs 19.1%, 24 weeks; fibrosis result not significant[38] Topline

"MASH" is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Semaglutide 2.4 mg has been approved for MASH with moderate to advanced fibrosis since August 15, 2025, under accelerated approval.[1] Download the full table, with a source URL for every row: Download the CSV

The detail behind the approved medicines is on our reference pages for semaglutide, tirzepatide and orforglipron (Foundayo).

How to read GLP-1 trial results

Five things to check before comparing two numbers

  • Topline or peer-reviewed? A topline result is a company press release, issued before outside reviewers have seen the methods. A peer-reviewed paper has been checked and gives the full data. Toplines are often confirmed later, but not always in the same words.
  • Change on the drug, or the difference from placebo? "−20.4% vs −3.0%" means people on CagriSema averaged 20.4% lower body weight and people on placebo 3.0% lower, a difference of 17.3 percentage points.[14] Some releases quote only the difference.
  • Which estimand? The treatment-regimen (or treatment-policy) figure counts everyone randomized, including people who stopped. The efficacy (or trial-product) figure estimates the effect if everyone had kept taking the drug, and runs higher. For retatrutide 12 mg in TRIUMPH-1, it was −28.3% by Lilly's efficacy estimand and −25.0% by the treatment-regimen estimand in the journal.[39][15]
  • How long, and who? Trials here run from 28 to 80 weeks, and body weight is usually still falling at the shorter ones. People with type 2 diabetes see smaller changes: CagriSema reached −13.7% vs −3.4% in REDEFINE 2, in adults with diabetes, against −20.4% in REDEFINE 1.[40][14] Starting weights differ too: an average of 87.2 kg in GLORY-1 in China, against 108.8 kg in SYNCHRONIZE-1.[32][17]
  • Head-to-head or separate trials? Only a trial that randomizes people to two drugs compares them. When CagriSema was tested directly against tirzepatide 15 mg in REDEFINE 4, it did not meet its goal of showing it was at least as good: −20.2% vs −23.6% at 84 weeks (topline).[41]

Which new GLP-1 drugs were approved in 2026?

The FDA approvals of 2026 for obesity medicines, by date:

  • January 20, 2026: Zepbound KwikPen. A multi-dose pen for tirzepatide, a new way to take an existing medicine.[10]
  • March 19, 2026: Wegovy HD. A 7.2 mg dose of semaglutide for adults. In STEP UP, body weight fell by 18.8% on 7.2 mg and 15.5% on 2.4 mg, against 3.9% on placebo, over 72 weeks.[1][5]
  • March 19, 2026: Imcivree (setmelanotide) for acquired hypothalamic obesity, a rare form caused by damage to the hypothalamus. It is not a GLP-1 medicine.[42]
  • April 1, 2026: Foundayo (orforglipron). A once-daily GLP-1 pill, and the first new molecular entity approved under the FDA's National Priority Voucher pilot.[2] The UK authorised it on August 10, 2026,[43] and the European Medicines Agency's committee recommended approval on October 16, 2026.[44]
  • August 27, 2026: Mounjaro for lowering the risk of heart attack, stroke and cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk.[9]

The Wegovy pill was approved just before the year began, on December 22, 2025.[1] How it compares with the shot is in our semaglutide page.

What is under FDA review now?

CagriSema is the only new obesity medicine with a submission on record. Novo Nordisk filed it on December 18, 2025, for chronic weight management in adults with obesity, or overweight with at least one related condition.[3] It is a weekly injection of two medicines together: cagrilintide, a long-acting version of the hormone amylin, and semaglutide. In its August 4, 2026 report, Novo listed a US decision among its fourth-quarter 2026 milestones;[6] on November 4, 2026, it said it was preparing for a US launch in early 2027, subject to approval.[23] The FDA has not published a decision date, and we found no decision as of November 13, 2026.

  • REDEFINE 1, 3,417 adults without diabetes, 68 weeks: −20.4% on CagriSema vs −3.0% on placebo (treatment-policy estimand).[14]
  • REDEFINE 2, 1,206 adults with type 2 diabetes, 68 weeks: −13.7% vs −3.4%.[40]
  • REDEFINE 4, against tirzepatide 15 mg, 84 weeks: −20.2% vs −23.6% (topline). It did not show CagriSema was at least as good as tirzepatide.[41]

Two other applications for approved medicines are also pending: orforglipron for type 2 diabetes, submitted in the second quarter of 2026,[12] and the Wegovy pill for MASH, with a decision expected in the first quarter of 2027, according to Novo.[6]

Which obesity medicines are in phase 3?

Retatrutide, the triple agonist

Retatrutide acts on three receptors, GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon, and is often nicknamed "GLP-3." It has the largest average change in the table above: −25.0% on 12 mg vs −3.9% on placebo at 80 weeks in TRIUMPH-1.[15] On October 28, 2026, Lilly reported topline results from the first head-to-head phase 3 trial, against semaglutide 2 mg in type 2 diabetes: −20.9% on 12 mg vs −9.4% (efficacy estimand).[45] Lilly plans to submit it to the FDA in the first quarter of 2027.[4] No head-to-head trial against tirzepatide has reported; the separate trials are compared in retatrutide vs tirzepatide, and the full story is in GLP-3 (retatrutide).

Amylin medicines: cagrilintide, amycretin, eloralintide, petrelintide

Amylin is a hormone made by the same pancreatic beta cells that make insulin.[46] Four amylin-based medicines are now in phase 3, which makes it the busiest new class in the pipeline:

  • Cagrilintide alone (Novo Nordisk). In the cagrilintide-only arm of REDEFINE 1, body weight fell by 11.5% vs 3.0% on placebo at 68 weeks (topline).[21] Its own phase 3 program, RENEW, began on November 5, 2025, with an estimated primary completion in May 2027.[20]
  • Amycretin (Novo Nordisk), which Novo now calls zenagamtide,[47] is a single molecule that acts on both GLP-1 and amylin receptors. In a phase 1b/2a study of 125 people, body weight fell by 24.3% on the 60 mg injection vs 1.1% on placebo at 36 weeks.[24] That is a small, early study. Its phase 3 program, AMAZE, started on February 24, 2026; the first trial has an estimated primary completion of June 2029,[22] and a pill version entered phase 3 in September 2026.[23]
  • Eloralintide (Eli Lilly) acts on the amylin receptor alone. In phase 2, body weight fell by 20% on 9 mg vs 0.4% on placebo at 48 weeks, by the efficacy estimand.[26] Its main phase 3 obesity trial, ENLIGHTEN-1, started on February 6, 2026, with an estimated primary completion of March 2028.[25] Lilly also plans phase 3 trials of eloralintide combined with tirzepatide, starting in the fourth quarter of 2026.[48]
  • Petrelintide (Zealand Pharma with Roche). In ZUPREME-1, body weight fell by 9.4% on 9 mg vs 1.7% on placebo at 28 weeks, and by up to 10.7% at 42 weeks.[29] Three phase 3 trials, about 7,000 people in all, started from September 30, 2026.[27][28]

Glucagon combinations: survodutide and mazdutide

  • Survodutide (Boehringer Ingelheim) acts on glucagon and GLP-1 receptors. In SYNCHRONIZE-1, 725 adults without diabetes, body weight fell by 13.0% on 6.0 mg vs 5.4% on placebo at 76 weeks (treatment-regimen estimand).[17] In adults with type 2 diabetes it was −9.8% vs −3.9%.[49] A 5,530-person heart safety trial found no increase in major cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 0.89), published November 9, 2026.[50] Boehringer is preparing regulatory submissions; no filing date has been announced.[16] A separate phase 3 trial in MASH, LIVERAGE, is recruiting.[51]
  • Mazdutide also acts on glucagon and GLP-1 receptors. It is approved in China, where Innovent holds the license, for chronic weight management since June 27, 2025.[30] In GLORY-1, 610 Chinese adults, body weight fell by 14.0% on 6 mg vs a 0.3% gain on placebo at 48 weeks.[32] In the US it has completed a phase 2 trial for Lilly, with −18.1% on 16 mg vs −0.9% at 32 weeks (efficacy estimand),[31] but we found no US phase 3 trial registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of November 13, 2026.

A monthly shot: MariTide

Maridebart cafraglutide (Amgen), known as MariTide, is an antibody linked to peptides: it activates the GLP-1 receptor and blocks the GIP receptor, and it is given once a month. In phase 2, body weight fell by 12.3% to 16.2% across doses vs 2.5% on placebo at 52 weeks, in people with obesity, and by 8.4% to 12.3% vs 1.7% in people who also had type 2 diabetes.[19] Its two main phase 3 trials, MARITIME-1 and MARITIME-2, are ongoing;[52] MARITIME-1 has an estimated primary completion of January 2027.[18]

Other phase 3 candidates

Medicine Maker How it works and form Phase 3 status, November 2026
Berobenatide (PF-08653944, formerly MET-097i) Pfizer Long-acting GLP-1, weekly or monthly injection VESPER-4 started December 19, 2025; estimated primary completion September 2027[53]
Elecoglipron (AZD5004) AstraZeneca GLP-1 small molecule, daily pill EMBOLD recruiting since June 29, 2026; estimated primary completion July 2028[54]
Enicepatide (CT-388) Roche GIP and GLP-1, weekly injection ENITH-1 and ENITH-2 ongoing[55]
VK2735 Viking Therapeutics GIP and GLP-1, weekly injection VANQUISH-1 and VANQUISH-2 fully enrolled; 78-week trials[56]
Aleniglipron (GSBR-1290) Structure Therapeutics GLP-1 small molecule, daily pill First patients dosed in ACCOMPLISH-1 and ACCOMPLISH-2, reported August 2026[57]
Ribupatide (HRS9531 / KAI-9531) Hengrui and Kailera Therapeutics GIP and GLP-1, weekly injection Global KaiNETIC trials fully enrolled September 30, 2026; topline expected mid-2028[58]

None of these has a peer-reviewed phase 3 result yet, so we list stage only.

Which GLP-1 drugs were discontinued?

Medicine Maker What it was Stopped Stated reason
Danuglipron Pfizer Oral GLP-1 small molecule April 14, 2025 A case of possible drug-induced liver injury in one participant, which resolved after stopping, plus the overall data and regulator input[59]
Lotiglipron Pfizer Oral GLP-1 small molecule June 2023 Raised liver enzymes and drug-interaction data from phase 1[60]
Dapiglutide Zealand Pharma GLP-1 and GLP-2, weekly injection Paused November 2025 Portfolio focus on more differentiated medicines[61]
NNC0519-0130 Novo Nordisk GIP and GLP-1, weekly injection Reported August 6, 2025 Portfolio considerations[62]
Monlunabant Novo Nordisk CB1 receptor blocker, a pill (not a GLP-1) Reported August 4, 2026 Portfolio considerations[6]

What to watch next: November 2026 to November 2027

Dates below are what a company or a trial registry has said publicly. Registry dates are estimates of when the data collection ends; results usually follow some months later.

  • Q4 2026: an FDA decision on CagriSema, which Novo listed as a fourth-quarter milestone.[6]
  • Q4 2026: phase 3 trials of eloralintide with tirzepatide start.[48]
  • Pending, no date public: the FDA decision on orforglipron for type 2 diabetes,[12] and the European Commission's decision on orforglipron.[44]
  • Early 2027: Novo's planned US launch of CagriSema, subject to approval.[23]
  • January 2027: estimated primary completion of MARITIME-1 for MariTide.[18]
  • Q1 2027: Lilly's planned FDA submission of retatrutide,[4] and an expected FDA decision on the Wegovy pill for MASH.[6]
  • May 2027: estimated primary completion of RENEW 1 and RENEW 2 for cagrilintide alone.[20]
  • 2027, no date given: survodutide regulatory submissions, which Boehringer is preparing,[16] and completion of Viking's VANQUISH trials.[56]
  • September 2027: estimated primary completion of VESPER-4 for berobenatide.[53]

Further out: eloralintide's main phase 3 trial (estimated March 2028),[25] elecoglipron's EMBOLD (July 2028),[54] ribupatide's KaiNETIC (mid-2028),[58] retatrutide's heart outcomes trial (February 2029)[63] and amycretin's first AMAZE trial (June 2029).[22] A submission is not an approval, and an estimated date can move.

Can you get pipeline drugs online before approval?

Not legally, outside a clinical trial or an approved expanded-access program. The FDA has warned companies selling unapproved GLP-1 drugs, including retatrutide, labeled "for research purposes" or "not for human consumption", and says such products may be counterfeit or contain the wrong ingredient or the wrong amount.[64] It also says retatrutide cannot be used in compounding under federal law.[64] A vial sold online as a pipeline drug is not the medicine in these trials, and the results on this page do not apply to it. How compounding works for the approved drugs is in compounded GLP-1: what the law allows. We do not link to any seller.

If a medicine on this page interests you, the legal routes are a trial near you, listed on ClinicalTrials.gov, or a conversation with your prescriber about the approved options.

What does a stronger medicine mean for eating?

The new medicines push body weight down further, on a smaller appetite. That makes the quality of what does get eaten matter more. The 2025 joint advisory on nutrition with GLP-1 therapy puts protein first, suggests small, frequent, nutrient-dense meals with enough fluids, and lists iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and several vitamins as nutrients of concern when intake falls.[65] The numbers by body weight are in how much protein on a GLP-1, and the protein calculator splits a daily target into small meals.

For transparency about why this page exists on our site: we make one product, Zornava Replenish, a lemon-lime daily hydration and nutrient powder for lighter appetite days, including for people on GLP-1 medications. It is a dietary supplement, not a medication, and it does not replace or imitate any medicine on this page. It is not on sale yet; early access opens February 9, 2027, and the early-access list is open now.

Frequently asked questions

What new GLP-1 drugs were approved in 2026?

Two new obesity options: Wegovy HD, a 7.2 mg dose of semaglutide, on March 19, 2026, and Foundayo (orforglipron), a daily pill, on April 1, 2026. The FDA also approved a Zepbound KwikPen in January and a heart-risk indication for Mounjaro in August. The Wegovy pill was approved slightly earlier, on December 22, 2025.

What is the next GLP-1 drug to be approved?

CagriSema is the only new obesity medicine under FDA review, submitted on December 18, 2025. Novo Nordisk listed a US decision as a fourth-quarter 2026 milestone and says it is preparing for a US launch in early 2027, subject to approval. Retatrutide follows, with an FDA submission planned for the first quarter of 2027.

Is CagriSema approved?

Not as of November 13, 2026. It is under FDA review. In REDEFINE 1, body weight fell by an average of 20.4% on CagriSema against 3.0% on placebo over 68 weeks. In a head-to-head trial against tirzepatide 15 mg, it did not show it was at least as good (topline).

When will retatrutide be approved?

No date exists yet. Lilly plans to submit it to the FDA in the first quarter of 2027, and the FDA then has to review the application. Any approval date quoted today is an estimate.

What is an amylin drug?

Amylin is a hormone made by the same pancreatic cells that make insulin. Cagrilintide, eloralintide and petrelintide are amylin medicines in phase 3, and amycretin acts on both amylin and GLP-1 receptors. CagriSema combines cagrilintide with semaglutide. None is approved on its own as of November 13, 2026.

Is there a monthly GLP-1 shot?

Not an approved one. Amgen's MariTide (maridebart cafraglutide) is given once a month and is in phase 3; Pfizer's berobenatide is being tested weekly and monthly. Every approved GLP-1 injection for obesity is weekly.

Why is a drug approved in China but not in the US?

Each country's regulator decides separately, on trials submitted to it. Mazdutide and ecnoglutide are approved in China on trials in Chinese adults. Neither has been submitted to the FDA; mazdutide has only a phase 2 trial in the US.

Is it safe to buy pipeline GLP-1 drugs online?

No. Unapproved drugs sold as "research" products are illegal to sell for human use, and the FDA warns they may be counterfeit or contain the wrong ingredient or amount. The trial results for these medicines do not apply to them. The legal routes are a clinical trial or an approved medicine from a licensed pharmacy.

References

  1. US Food and Drug Administration. Drugs@FDA: Ozempic (NDA 209637), Rybelsus and Ozempic tablets (NDA 213051), Wegovy injection (NDA 215256) and Wegovy tablets (NDA 218316), approval history. Drugs@FDA. 2026. accessdata.fda.gov. Approval dates read from the Drugs@FDA submission records via openFDA (api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json) and checked against the FDA approval letters for NDA 215256 S-005, S-023 and S-029, NDA 213051 S-020 and S-024, and NDA 218316 (original approval 2025-12-22). ↩︎
  2. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves First New Molecular Entity Under National Priority Voucher Program. fda.gov. 2026. fda.gov. Press announcement of 2026-04-01. ↩︎
  3. Novo Nordisk. Novo Nordisk files for FDA approval of CagriSema, the first once-weekly combination of GLP-1 and amylin analogues for weight management. Press release (via BioSpace). 2025. biospace.com. Press release of 2025-12-18 (submission date); no FDA action date given. ↩︎
  4. Eli Lilly and Company. Lilly's triple agonist, retatrutide, successful in two additional Phase 3 obesity trials, delivering significant improvements in weight and A1C. Press release (PR Newswire, via BioSpace). 2026. (regulatory plans) biospace.com. Press release of 2026-07-23. Company-reported topline results; TRIUMPH-3 not yet in a journal as of 2026-11-13. ↩︎
  5. Novo Nordisk. Wegovy (semaglutide) injection and tablets, prescribing information and Medication Guide. DailyMed, US National Library of Medicine. 2026. DailyMed. ↩︎
  6. Novo Nordisk. Interim report for the first six months of 2026 (Form 6-K). US Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR). 2026. (Interim report, January to June 2026: anticipated milestones table; Wegovy pill MASH filing; monlunabant) sec.gov. Company report of 2026-08-04, read 2026-11-13. ↩︎
  7. Wharton S, Lingvay I, Bogdanski P, et al. Oral Semaglutide at a Dose of 25 mg in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(11):1077–1087. PubMed. PMID: 40934115. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2500969. OASIS 4. Abstract read (placebo −2.2% in the paper; the label reports −2.4%). Funded by Novo Nordisk. ↩︎
  8. Knop FK, Aroda VR, do Vale RD, et al. Oral semaglutide 50 mg taken once per day in adults with overweight or obesity (OASIS 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10403):705–719. PubMed. PMID: 37385278. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01185-6. Abstract read (Europe PMC). Funded by Novo Nordisk. ↩︎
  9. US Food and Drug Administration. Drugs@FDA: Mounjaro (NDA 215866) and Zepbound (NDA 217806), approval history. Drugs@FDA. 2026. accessdata.fda.gov. Approval dates read from the Drugs@FDA submission records via openFDA and checked against the FDA approval letters for NDA 215866 S-039 (pediatric, 2025-12-19), S-044 and S-045 (2026-08-27), and NDA 217806 S-041 (2026-08-26). ↩︎
  10. Healio. FDA approves label expansion for Zepbound to be used with Eli Lilly’s KwikPen. Healio. 2026. healio.com. News report of 2026-02-24 (FDA approval 2026-01-20). ↩︎
  11. Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205–216. PubMed. PMID: 35658024. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206038. SURMOUNT-1. Abstract read. Funded by Eli Lilly. ↩︎
  12. Eli Lilly and Company. Lilly reports second-quarter 2026 financial results, raises full-year guidance and highlights continued growth and pipeline progress. Press release (via BioSpace). 2026. biospace.com. Press release of 2026-08-05; lists the US submission for type 2 diabetes. ↩︎
  13. Wharton S, Aronne LJ, Stefanski A, et al. Orforglipron, an Oral Small-Molecule GLP-1 Receptor Agonist for Obesity Treatment. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(18):1796–1806. PubMed. PMID: 40960239. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2511774. ATTAIN-1. Abstract read (Europe PMC). Funded by Eli Lilly. ↩︎
  14. Garvey WT, Blüher M, Osorto Contreras CK, et al. Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(7):635–647. PubMed. PMID: 40544433. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2502081. REDEFINE 1. Abstract read (Europe PMC); treatment-policy estimand. Funded by Novo Nordisk. ↩︎
  15. Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Davies MJ, et al. Retatrutide, a Triple Hormone Receptor Agonist, for Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2026;395(18):1781–1793. PubMed. PMID: 42814954. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2604169. TRIUMPH-1. Abstract read. Funded by Eli Lilly. ↩︎
  16. AJMC. Survodutide Meets CV Safety End Point in SYNCHRONIZE-CVOT. The American Journal of Managed Care. 2026. ajmc.com. Trade-press report of 2026-11-09; states that Boehringer Ingelheim is preparing regulatory submissions. ↩︎
  17. le Roux CW, Wharton S, Startseva E, et al. Survodutide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Adults with Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2026;395(8):776–787. PubMed. PMID: 42253238. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2600751. SYNCHRONIZE-1. Abstract read (Europe PMC); treatment-regimen estimand. Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim. ↩︎
  18. Amgen. MARITIME-1: Evaluation of Maridebart Cafraglutide in Adult Participants Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight (NCT06858839). ClinicalTrials.gov. 2026. clinicaltrials.gov. Registry record read via the ClinicalTrials.gov API (start 2025-03-12; estimated primary completion 2027-01-21). ↩︎
  19. Jastreboff AM, Ryan DH, Bays HE, et al. Once-Monthly Maridebart Cafraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(9):843–857. PubMed. PMID: 40549887. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2504214. Abstract read (Europe PMC); treatment-policy estimand. Funded by Amgen. ↩︎
  20. Novo Nordisk A/S. ClinicalTrials.gov. 2026. clinicaltrials.gov. Registry record read via the ClinicalTrials.gov API (start 2025-11-05; estimated primary completion 2027-05). ↩︎
  21. Novo Nordisk. Novo Nordisk presents phase 3 data for next-generation amylin cagrilintide, leading to advancement into dedicated clinical programme. Press release (via BioSpace). 2025. biospace.com. Press release of 2025-09-16 (EASD). Company-reported results for the REDEFINE 1 cagrilintide-only arm. ↩︎
  22. Novo Nordisk A/S. ClinicalTrials.gov. 2026. clinicaltrials.gov. Registry record read via the ClinicalTrials.gov API (start 2026-02-24; estimated primary completion 2029-06-26). NNC0487-0111 is amycretin. ↩︎
  23. Novo Nordisk. Interim report for the first nine months of 2026 (Form 6-K). US Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR). 2026. (Interim report, January to September 2026: CagriSema launch preparations; AMAZE 9) sec.gov. Company report of 2026-11-04, read 2026-11-13. ↩︎
  24. Dahl K, Toubro S, Dey S, et al. Amycretin, a novel, unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist administered subcutaneously: results from a phase 1b/2a randomised controlled study. Lancet. 2025;406(10499):149–162. PubMed. PMID: 40550231. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01185-7. Abstract read (Europe PMC). 125 participants, single US site. Funded by Novo Nordisk. ↩︎
  25. Eli Lilly and Company. ENLIGHTEN-1: A Study of Eloralintide (LY3841136) in Participants With Obesity, or Overweight Without Type 2 Diabetes (NCT07321886). ClinicalTrials.gov. 2026. clinicaltrials.gov. Registry record read via the ClinicalTrials.gov API (start 2026-02-06; estimated primary completion 2028-03). ↩︎
  26. Billings LK, Hsia S, Bays H, et al. Eloralintide, a selective amylin receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity: a 48-week phase 2, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2025;406(10520):2631–2643. PubMed. PMID: 41207310. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)02155-5. Abstract read (Europe PMC); efficacy estimand. Funded by Eli Lilly. ↩︎
  27. Zealand Pharma. Zealand Pharma Announces Financial Results for the First Nine Months of 2026. Press release (GlobeNewswire, via The Manila Times). 2026. manilatimes.net. Company release of 2026-11-12. ↩︎
  28. Hoffmann-La Roche. ZUPREME-3: A Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Petrelintide in Participants With Overweight or Obesity (NCT07843498). ClinicalTrials.gov. 2026. clinicaltrials.gov. Registry record read via the ClinicalTrials.gov API (start 2026-09-30; sponsor Roche, with Zealand Pharma). ↩︎
  29. Garvey WT, Ard J, Connery L, et al. Petrelintide, a human amylin analogue for the treatment of obesity (ZUPREME 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2026;14(11):914–926. PubMed. PMID: 42810355. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(26)00213-5. Abstract read (Europe PMC); efficacy estimand. Funded by Zealand Pharma. ↩︎
  30. Innovent Biologics. Innovent Announces Mazdutide, First Dual GCG/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Received Approval from China’s NMPA for Chronic Weight Management. Press release (PR Newswire, via BioSpace). 2025. biospace.com. Press release of 2025-06-27; Innovent’s license from Eli Lilly covers China. ↩︎
  31. Hsia SH, Bays HE, Billings LK, et al. Efficacy and safety of mazdutide in adults with obesity or overweight: a US-based, multicentre, phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2026;14(11):879–893. PubMed. PMID: 42628555. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(26)00160-9. Abstract read (Europe PMC); efficacy estimand. Funded by Eli Lilly. ↩︎
  32. Ji L, Jiang H, Bi Y, et al. Once-Weekly Mazdutide in Chinese Adults with Obesity or Overweight. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(22):2215–2225. PubMed. PMID: 40421736. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2411528. GLORY-1. Abstract read (Europe PMC); treatment-policy estimand. ↩︎
  33. Sciwind Biosciences. Sciwind Biosciences Announces Ecnoglutide Injection Approved by China’s National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) for Chronic Weight Management. Press release (via BioSpace). 2026. biospace.com. Press release of 2026-03-06. ↩︎
  34. Ji L, Gao L, Xue H, et al. Efficacy and safety of a biased GLP-1 receptor agonist ecnoglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025;13(9):777–789. PubMed. PMID: 40555243. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00141-X. SLIMMER. Abstract read (Europe PMC); treatment-policy estimand. Funded by Sciwind Biosciences. ↩︎
  35. Merck & Co. Merck Announces Positive Results from Phase 2b Trial of Efinopegdutide in Adults with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) and Stage 2-3 Fibrosis. merck.com. 2026. merck.com. Press release of 2026-11-09. ↩︎
  36. Lawitz E, Wong VW, Shankar RR, et al. Efficacy and safety of efinopegdutide in adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and stage 2-3 fibrosis: a phase 2b, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Lancet. 2026. PubMed. PMID: 43003105. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(26)02043-X. Published online 2026-11-09, ahead of print. Abstract read (Europe PMC). Funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme. ↩︎
  37. Altimmune, Inc. PERFORMA: Phase 3 Study of the Efficacy, Safety, and Clinical Outcomes of Pemvidutide in MASH (NCT07795164). ClinicalTrials.gov. 2026. clinicaltrials.gov. Registry record read via the ClinicalTrials.gov API (recruiting; start 2026-07-30). ↩︎
  38. Altimmune. Altimmune Announces Positive Topline Results for Pemvidutide. Press release (via Clinical Trial Vanguard). 2025. clinicaltrialvanguard.com. IMPACT phase 2b 24-week topline of 2025-06-26. Company-reported results. ↩︎
  39. Eli Lilly and Company. Press release (PR Newswire, via BioSpace). 2026. (topline results; efficacy estimand) biospace.com. Press release of 2026-05-21. Company-reported topline results. ↩︎
  40. Davies MJ, Bajaj HS, Broholm C, et al. Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(7):648–659. PubMed. PMID: 40544432. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2502082. REDEFINE 2. Abstract read (Europe PMC); treatment-policy estimand. Funded by Novo Nordisk. ↩︎
  41. HCPLive. HCPLive. 2026. hcplive.com. Trade-press report (2026-02-23) of Novo Nordisk’s REDEFINE 4 topline. Company-reported results, not yet in a journal. ↩︎
  42. PharmExec. FDA Approves Expanded Indication for Imcivree as Treatment for Hypothalamic Obesity. Pharmaceutical Executive. 2026. pharmexec.com. News report of 2026-03-19. ↩︎
  43. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. UK first in Europe to authorise orforglipron for weight management and type 2 diabetes. gov.uk. 2026. gov.uk. News story of 2026-08-10. ↩︎
  44. European Medicines Agency. New oral GLP-1 medicine for weight management and type 2 diabetes. ema.europa.eu. 2026. ema.europa.eu. News item of 2026-10-16 (CHMP positive opinion; European Commission decision pending). ↩︎
  45. BioPharm International. BioPharm International. 2026. biopharminternational.com. Trade-press report (2026-10-29) of Lilly’s TRANSCEND-T2D-2 topline release of 2026-10-28; figures cross-checked against PharmaShots. Company-reported results, not yet in a journal. ↩︎
  46. Hay DL, Chen S, Lutz TA, Parkes DG, Roth JD. Amylin: Pharmacology, Physiology, and Clinical Potential. Pharmacol Rev. 2015;67(3):564–600. PubMed. PMID: 26071095. doi: 10.1124/pr.115.010629. Abstract read (Europe PMC). ↩︎
  47. Novo Nordisk. Press release (via BioSpace). 2026. biospace.com. Press release of 2026-06-05; states that zenagamtide is also known as amycretin. Title shortened. ↩︎
  48. Eli Lilly and Company. Lilly reports third-quarter 2026 financial results, raises full-year guidance and highlights regulatory progress across the portfolio. US Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR). 2026. sec.gov. Press release of 2026-10-29, read as filed with the SEC. ↩︎
  49. Wharton S, le Roux CW, Startseva E, et al. Survodutide Once Weekly in Adults with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2026. PubMed. PMID: 42820639. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2607219. SYNCHRONIZE-2. Published online 2026-10-01, ahead of print. Abstract read (Europe PMC). Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim. ↩︎
  50. Bozkurt B, le Roux CW, Wharton S, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with survodutide in adults with obesity at increased cardiovascular risk (SYNCHRONIZE-CVOT): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2026. PubMed. PMID: 43003106. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(26)02140-9. Published online 2026-11-09, ahead of print. Abstract read (Europe PMC). Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim. ↩︎
  51. Boehringer Ingelheim. LIVERAGE: A Study to Test Whether Survodutide Helps People With a Liver Disease Called NASH/MASH Who Have Moderate or Advanced Liver Fibrosis (NCT06632444). ClinicalTrials.gov. 2026. clinicaltrials.gov. Registry record read via the ClinicalTrials.gov API (recruiting; start 2024-10-14). ↩︎
  52. Amgen. Amgen Reports Third Quarter 2026 Financial Results. amgen.com. 2026. amgen.com. Press release of 2026-11-03. ↩︎
  53. Pfizer. VESPER-4: Efficacy and Safety of MET097 Once-Weekly in People With Overweight or Obesity (NCT07311850). ClinicalTrials.gov. 2026. clinicaltrials.gov. Registry record read via the ClinicalTrials.gov API (start 2025-12-19; estimated primary completion 2027-09-21). MET097 is berobenatide (PF-08653944). ↩︎
  54. AstraZeneca. EMBOLD: A Master Protocol to Investigate Efficacy and Safety of Elecoglipron in Participants With Obesity or Overweight With or Without T2DM (NCT07667803). ClinicalTrials.gov. 2026. clinicaltrials.gov. Registry record read via the ClinicalTrials.gov API (recruiting since 2026-06-29; estimated primary completion 2028-07). ↩︎
  55. Roche. Roche announces positive Phase II results for dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist enicepatide in people living with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. roche.com. 2026. roche.com. Press release of 2026-09-22; states that ENITH-1 and ENITH-2 are ongoing. ↩︎
  56. Viking Therapeutics. Viking Therapeutics Announces Completion of Enrollment in Phase 3 VANQUISH-2 Trial of VK2735. Press release. 2026. ir.vikingtherapeutics.com. Press release of 2026-03-26. ↩︎
  57. Structure Therapeutics. Structure Therapeutics Reports Second Quarter 2026 Financial Results and Recent Highlights. Press release (via Earnings Whispers). 2026. earningswhispers.com. Press release of 2026-08-06. ↩︎
  58. Kailera Therapeutics. Kailera Therapeutics Announces Completion of Enrollment in KaiNETIC Global Phase 3 Clinical Program of GLP-1/GIP Receptor Dual Agonist Ribupatide Injection. Press release (via Finviz). 2026. finviz.com. Press release of 2026-09-30. ↩︎
  59. Pfizer. Pfizer Provides Update on Oral GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Danuglipron. pfizer.com. 2025. pfizer.com. Press release of 2025-04-14. ↩︎
  60. BioSpace. Pfizer Drops Early-Stage Obesity Drug Following Disappointing Phase I Data. BioSpace. 2023. biospace.com. Trade-press report of Pfizer’s 2023-06-26 announcement. ↩︎
  61. BioSpace. Zealand Freezes Mid-Stage Obesity Asset To Focus on More Differentiated Drugs. BioSpace. 2025. biospace.com. Trade-press report (2025-11-13) of Zealand’s nine-month 2025 results. ↩︎
  62. Novo Nordisk. Interim report for the first six months of 2025 (Form 6-K). US Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR). 2025. (Interim report, January to June 2025: NNC0519-0130) sec.gov. Company report of 2025-08-06, read 2026-11-13. ↩︎
  63. Eli Lilly and Company. The Effect of Retatrutide Once Weekly on Cardiovascular Outcomes and Kidney Outcomes in Adults Living With Obesity (TRIUMPH-Outcomes) (NCT06383390). ClinicalTrials.gov. 2026. clinicaltrials.gov. Registry record read via the ClinicalTrials.gov API (estimated enrollment 10,000; estimated primary completion February 2029). ↩︎
  64. US Food and Drug Administration. fda.gov. 2026. fda.gov. Page read (content current as of 10/01/2026). ↩︎
  65. Mozaffarian D, Agarwal M, Aggarwal M, et al. Nutritional priorities to support GLP-1 therapy for obesity: a joint advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2025;33(8):1475–1503. (sections on low appetite, protein, fluids and nutrients of concern) Full text. PMID: 40445127. doi: 10.1002/oby.24336. ↩︎
Share this
← All Lighter Days articles

Free guide

The GLP-1 eating plan

Eight pages to print and keep, built protein first for days when appetite is small. Sourced, like everything on Lighter Days.

  • Seven days of four small meals, with protein and fiber counted
  • A food list: what to eat more often, and what to go easy on
  • A shopping list and a page to take to your prescriber or dietitian

You’ll also get early access to Replenish and a few emails a month. Unsubscribe any time.